How Media Affects Society Essay Example for Free

How Media Affects Society Essay There are still so many people that will insist that the images on TV and words and picture in Newspaper are not responsible for the problems of the society. The media is a good source of information and entertainment. In this first section I will talk about how the media affect our awareness, knowledge, attitude and behavior. You will see how the people turn to media to learn about Moral, Values and interpersonal relationship from the media. The media give us a perception of various culture, religions and believes. These help the average person to identify him and others. It show how people live like, what they believe in and describe the society. For example most media portrait most middle eastern Arabs as terrorist. They describe their ways of life as not conform with the principle of democracy. But the truth is we do not know anything about their belief. Most television viewers consider Arabs as terrorist because of the way they are portrait in the news. Heavy usage of these images may result in the cultivation of this perception. News that we get from certain media contradict the real society. You have to actually understand their religion and beliefs in order to make a statement about the person or the society. The media have a great effect on the society and in our life experience. We sometimes try to apply these concepts to our everyday life. Teenager like to watch TV shows about Love, fashion, Relationship, Violence, Speed and many other things; when older people watch about Food, Health, workout, antiques and news from the world. Things in TOGO (West Africa) there is a TV show that airs every Thursday evening at 8 oclock. when you go around all the houses in the country at that time everybody is sitting and watching that series. I do not recall the name of the series but it just impressive how a simple TV show can gather so many people at the same time. This affects everyone behaviors at that particular time. Media can be a great source of wisdom and knowledge but we should realize its impact on our society, our family ,our kid and our self. Media also causes people to have a negative view on themselves affecting their self esteem. If you were watching tv or watching a movie chances are that the stars of those shows are going to be attractive, slim or muscular. I believe that this gives a negative effect to teenagers who are still developing. By seeing this they think that they have to look and act the same as the people portrayed in these magazines or shows.

The Effects of Domestic Violence on Children Essay -- Violence Against

How does domestic violence between parents and parental figures affect the children who witness it? This is a question often asked by Sociologists and Psychologists alike. There have been studies that prove that children who witness domestic inter-parental violence experience mental health problems, issues with gender roles, substance abuse, the committing of crimes and suicide/suicide attempts later in their lives. This paper will explore all five of these 'effects' of domestic violence on children and show that there is evidence of a clear relationship in which increasing parental violence is associated with increasing outcome risks (Fergusson & Horwood, 1998, p.8). When a child witnesses domestic abuse it can have many different effects on the child. From my research I found that one of the most common effects on the child were mental health problems. In one study, conducted in New Zealand, young people that reported high levels of exposure to inter-parental violence had elevated rates of mental health problems (Fergusson & Horwood, 1998, p.1). Some of the least severe mental health problems included anxiety, inability to focus, and nightmares (Brescoll & Graham-Bermann, 2000, p.2). But these problems, which appear to be less severe, can also be the symptoms of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (Brescoll & Graham-Bermann, 2000, p.2). In a study conducted in 2001 the results indicated that higher levels of symptoms indicative of post traumatic stress were associated with children who have witnessed domestic violence (Hill & Nabors & Reynolds & Wallace & Weist, 2001, p.1). ?Children who have witnessed domestic violence are more likely to develop sy mptoms associated with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder; that is, high levels of an... ... The Journal of the American Medical Association, 286, Retrieved February 10, 2002, from Expanded Academic ASAP database. Brescoll, V., & Graham, S.A. (2000). Gender Power and Violence: Assessing the Family Stereotypes of the Children of Batters. Journal of Family Psychology, 14, 600- 612. Retrieved February 13, 2002, from PsycARTICLES database. Fergusson, D.M., & Horwood, L.J. (1998). Exposure to Interparental Violence in Childhood and Psychosocial Adjustment in Young Adulthood. Child Abuse & Neglect, 22, 339-357. Retrieved February 17, 2002, from Science Direct database. Hill, T.F., & Nabors, L.A., & Reynolds, M.W., & Wallace, J., & Weist, M.D. (2001). The Relationship between Gender, Depression, and Self-Esteem in Children who have Witnesses Domestic Violence. Child Abuse & Neglect, 25, 1201-1206. Retrieved February 12, 2002, from Science Direct.

Springtime in the Canterbury Tales

Brooke Schweitzer Dr. O’Callaghan Eng 402 April 11, 2010 Springtime in The Canterbury Tales _See how the lilies of the field grow. †¦Yet I tell you that not even Solomon in all his splendor was dressed like one of these. -Matthew 6:28-29_ Springtime and beauty is inevitably linked in Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales. Chaucer uses the images of springtime from the very beginning of the prologue to promote the idea of renewal and overall joyfulness. Not only is it used to establish tone or theme in the prologue, but is also used closely with the descriptions of beauty for the tales that follow. Chaucer knew that that his readers would without hesitation identify with springtime and the idea of renewing ourselves for a new season, just like the pilgrims we read about. Anyone who reads the Canterbury Tales will find pilgrims who are not without faults going on a pilgrimage to a religious site looking to purify themselves. By placing them in springtime he has set up a direct contrast between what early Christians would have deemed a â€Å"holy† life and the ones led by the travelers. Found even in descriptions of beauty. The pilgrims stories are in way, asking us to look closely at our own nature and perhaps institute the idea of changing ourselves for the better. Chaucer uses an intense theme of springtime to promote the ideas of youthfulness and beauty. The most prominent example is in the very opening lines of the General Prologue, â€Å"Whan that April with his shoures soote/ The droghte of March hath perced to the roote/ And bathed every veyne in swiche licour† (Pg 41 line 1-3) In the beginning we have the opening of April. We know that it is the very beginning of the month because the second line mentions that â€Å"March hath pierced to the roote. Although many would say that this would mean there had been a â€Å"droghte† leaving things dry. When I read this line I considered the geographical weather patterns of Britian and concluded that it is always raining there. Even if the weather may have been different than the weather patterns we have there today, I assumed this to be a poetic way to say that March has completed it’s time. Along with the idea of the beginning of April, Chaucer tells us, â€Å"†¦With†¦ shoures soote/†¦And bathed every veyne in swiche licour. † So we have the imagery of everything being drenched in nutrient rich water. If everything is healthy, we can assume then that all the flowers, trees, grass and even the animals are now young and growing. Nature is awakening to a renewed season just like the pilgrims seeking renewal. The direct connection with our own self renewal along with nature is also mirrored in the descriptions of beauty. There are at least two examples of the women of the tales being described in terms of nature and the beauty of spring. In the Knights Tale Emily is described, â€Å"that fairer was to sene/ than the lylie upon his stalk green/ and fressher than the May with Floures newe. Again we are seeing this connection with not only a flower but again the idea of early May with new, young flowers. She is fresh, without blemish. She is indeed then the perfect idea of beauty. She does not need renewal or to change her nature. I believe that it is safe to say that in Chaucer’s time the image would be in the likness of freshness in terms of faith. Perhaps by describing Emily i n such a way the idea is that she is without sin. She is the perfect idea of a Christian lady. We see this again when the carpenter’s wife from the Miller’s Tale is described. Her looks are described at length until it is mentioned, â€Å"She was full moore blissful to see/ Than is the newe perejonette tree. † It is rather comedic that she is compared to a young tree. Unlike a young flower, a young pair tree is small and frail. It does not have many leaves or contain much fruit. In modern day terms it is difficult to see beauty in a tree. Trees are certainly something to marvel, but the point being that she is beautiful but is not without her faults. Unlike Emily from the former story, she has some rough edges. She is described as wild and flighty, By setting up these two different descriptions, Chaucer shows the reader that it is far better to be a â€Å"lily on a stalk of green† than â€Å" a new pear tree. We are seeing how the pilgrims want to change themselves to resemble something as fresh as a flower. It also worth considering the idea that since we define the beginning of spring when we first start to see flowers and leaves on trees, that perhaps Chaucer is saying that women are in control of love? By describing them in such a way could suggest that many of the women in the stories are in control of the situation. They can deny or accept a man. Although the connections between the springtime setting and the descriptions of beauty are subtle ones, they impact the overall theme that the reader takes away from the story. Like the pilgrims, we find ourselves being educated, entertained and chastised for our behavior. Springtime is a time of freshness and everything having a new start. Having an overall Christian audience for his story, Chaucer new they would relate to the freshness of spring. It is the same reason we celebrate Easter today. The entire tradition relies on the idea of being â€Å"born again† and rising up from who we are before. It is about letting go of the faults that hold us down. Just like the pilgrims in the stories we read, we reflect on the morals that the travelers tell each other. By the end we find that the common and rich alike have them and it is about who we as people believe we should behave, live and learn.

Your Students’ English Language Skills

Your Students' English Language Skills BY gallantly How can improve English As the president of the English Language Society of the school, you wish to improve the students' standard of English. You want to give a talk to the students on how they can improve their English at one of the weekly school assemblies. Good morning to the principal, teachers and fellow students. As the president of the English Language Society of the school, indeed I felt honor to give a talk entitled â€Å"How to improve the students standard of English†. English is an international language.Many up-to-date information on internet are written in English. In order to grab the first hand information, we have no choice but to improve our English standard. There are many ways ones can improve your English if you have the will to do so. The most practical and cheap ways is to read more English story books, magazines and newspapers. You can read at any hour and anywhere. You can read at the bus-stop while waiting for a bus. All you need to do is always put an English material in your pocket or bag. There are some who felt that they need proper guidance to improve their grammar,English structures and even pronunciation. They choose to go for English tuition class. Well, its not a bad idea after all! You can get one to one attention from a tuition teacher, all you need to do is register yourself and pay up every month at any tuition center nearby. Always listening to English program on television and radio is both entertaining and learning. Beside getting your knowledge widen through National Geographic Channel and also get your pronunciation improve. What an excellence idea of killing two birds with one stone! Remember a proverb, â€Å"Practice made ones perfect†.Reading and listening a lot is not enough to improve your English. Put your English into practice will bring you surprising reward. Practical thing like speaking English with family members, classmates, teachers help a lot. Taking part in English Debate, Elocution contest, Drama Competition and poem recitation will bring marvelous improvement. Apart from oral aspect, ones can improve your written skill through Essay writing competition and even corresponding with pen-pals in English. To conclude, there are thousand and one ways to improve your English, so, lets get started. Thank you for listening.

Kotters 8 Steps Process Analysis Essay

Kotters 8 Steps Process Analysis Essay Kotter’s 8 Steps Process Analysis Essay Kotter’s 8 Steps Process Analysis Essay The 8-step change process was initially established by John Kotter in the year 1996. The instigation of the theory is in line with the procedures that are employed for the purpose of transforming an organization. In fact, the ulterior objective of Kotter was to introduce a model that would be useful for the managers to cope with transformational changes. John Kotter was observing various leaders and companies that were in the quest of implementing the change models. As a result, he evaluated and presented the success factors combined into a methodology that embeds the 8-step process. The model incorporates eight overlapping practices, all of which revolve around organizational change. For the leaders of organizations, change management is an integral task whose efficiency is a function of its success rate. Therefore, organizations should utilize the model by functioning in a flexible network that incorporates a traditional hierarchy (Kotter, 2012). The current paper will give a detai led analysis of each step as well as its strengths and weaknesses. A Detailed Analysis of Strengths and Weaknesses of Kotter’s 8-Step Process Step 1 The first step in the model is the creation of a sense of urgency by helping others to feel a strong determination to win (Kotter, 2012). It involves driving people out of their comfort zones. An organization can increase a sense of urgency by embarking on examination of market as well as competitive realities. In addition, it will be of paramount importance to provide evidence that the change is necessary. However, the evidence should arrive from external environment. The first step can only be considered as being a success when one inculcates a compelling urge to change the organization. Moreover, the urge should be felt all across the organization (Burke, 2010). In my personal experience, the impetus behind an urgent behavior should be driven by the fact that the world is a hub of opportunities and great hazards alike. Strengths The major strength of the process is that it is effective for leaders who understand the essence of urgency because they are capable of controlling their organization (Kotter, 2012). As result, the process will succeed because leaders will connect to the deepest values of their people. Subsequently, they will inspire the workforce to soar to greater heights by engaging their senses. The other strength of the step is that it assists in sparking the initial motivation through examining opportunities that ought to be exploited (Burke, 2010). Therefore, while examining the opportunities, one can use the platform to request support from stakeholders, customers as well as industry players. Weaknesses The weakness inherent in the process is that complacency will be bound to occur notwithstanding whether the organization is facing bankruptcy or succeeding. Moreover, there is also the aspect of false urgency where people might be busy working but their actions are not contributing to the primary goal. Thus, the process does not strategize procedures that will negate or discourage the innate false urgency. Step 2 The second step is coming up with a powerful coalition by assembling a group that is capable of handling a collaborative change effort (Lewis, 2011). The coalition acts as a vision for change and helps everyone understand why there is a sense of urgency. However, it is vital to acknowledge that other people can see solution to problems from the creation of a compelling situation. In the process, one should strive to encourage people to work as a team by showing commitment and enthusiasm. In my personal experience, I noted that a single individual cannot develop the right vision regardless of their level of competence. Thus, more people ought to be brought on board so as to introduce the short-term wins and eliminate any obstacles (Spector, 2013). However, the people involved should also exhibit the necessary credibility, expertise and leadership. Strengths The strength of the step is that it increases the ability to anchor new approaches within an organizational culture (Kotter, 2012). Moreover, having the right coalition of people can be effective in managing dozens of change projects. Introducing the right team with trust levels yields a guiding coalition that can make change happen. The strength is that the process can be a success after the formation of a guiding coalition. Weaknesses The weakness in the process is that transformational leadership is an uphill task and it ought to be done in accordance with a prescribed protocol (Lewis, 2011). Then again, in most predicaments, the strategies to execute a vision are not in line with the goal as prescribed under change coalition. The other weakness is that the process places excessive emphasis on the levels of trust within the organization. In fact, trust seems to be the glue that ensures proper functionality among the teams. Therefore, any mistrust amongst members might sabotage the entire process. Similarly, the maintenance of high trust levels will necessitate for adjustment of members that have been part of the organization for longer time periods. Step 3 The third step revolves around the formation of a strategic vision as well as initiatives that would act as a blueprint in achieving the set targets (Kotter, 2012). The vision will be useful in steering a change effort that develop strategic initiatives to achieve the targets and objectives in question. In fact, whenever someone starts contemplating the organizational changes, there will be many distinct ideas on what ought to be put in practice. For a vision to be feasible and reliable, it has to be desirable, imaginable and communicable. A feasible vision is easily applicable to all operation aspects, which are inclusive of training and performance reviews (Spector, 2013). Strengths The strengths of the process include the fact that it specifies a decision from past detailed activities (Burke, 2010). The process can also be useful in motivating people to take the necessary actions that will bring them closer to their corresponding goals. The process can also be effective in the coordination of actions from various people in an efficient manner. Moreover, a clear vision will be of paramount importance in helping everyone to control their progress. Moreover, the stage is also imperative in determination of values that are central to change. Weaknesses A major weakness of the third stage of Kotter’s model is that it solely depends on the visions that are set in place as well as the goals and targets established before (Spector, 2013). Consequently, there ought to be a close liaison between the vision and the corresponding goals. Therefore, if the two are not in line, an organization might not attain its objectives. Additionally, the vision can be mundane and be part of large system that incorporates several budgets, divisions, and strategies. For the purpose of creating a better future, the vision ought to be a feasible factor that considers the multiple realities of an organization. Step 4 The step entails communication of the vision in frequent and effective manner. Therefore, calling for special meetings for the purpose of communicating the vision will not suffice (Lewis, 2011). Instead, one should walk the talk and utilize every opportunity in sensitizing the staff members with all the proponents of the vision. Keeping a vision fresh in everybody’s mind is also helpful because they will always remember it. In addition, the means used in communicating the vision should always be a reflection of what is expected from the recipients. While communicating the vision, the management might try to address people’s concerns and anxieties through an open forum where everyone can participate. The strategy will be effective in eliminating any qualms or queries that the staff members might have. Even after communicating the vision, one should also ensure that the staff members are ready and willing to bring the change. Moreover, as a rule of the thumb, the change s hould always be in line with the proponents of the communicated vision. Strengths The strength of the step is that it always ensures that most people have understood the vision. Moreover, leader in an organization can manipulate the methods used for communication so as to suit the staff members (Spector, 2013). For example, company’s newsletter might be boring and monotonous and one might not have to read the contents. As a result, an organization might opt to device lively articles that lay special emphasis on the set visions. Similarly, instead of relying on generic education programs, the organization can implement active learning sessions that embark on the vision and different business problems. Weaknesses The major weakness of the step is that an organization may under-communicate their vision thus missing the essence of the process. Additionally, the method is technical and the leaders might easily miss the point (Lewis, 2011). For instance, communication that includes emails, meetings and presentations will not be equal to patterns that embrace one communication channel. The idea shows that the process can only be successful if reliable channels are used in broadcasting the vision. One should also observe the communication language used to ensure that it is simple, repeatable and vivid. Step 5 The fifth step is to remove barriers so as to enable action. The process contributes to changing systems or structures that may hinder the achievement of the set vision (Kotter, 2012). Removing barriers will enable people to accomplish the goals within the given time frame. The essence of the step is to eliminate anything that might act as a hindrance towards the achievement of the set vision. Strengths The strength of the process is that it can easily increase the ability to accomplish the set vision. However, the management has to ensure that the performance appraisal procedure corresponds to the realignment of incentives. In addition, the process also allows for the change of leaders who might be more acknowledged about bringing the change. Moreover, people who resist change might be assisted in s understanding the expectations. Weaknesses The major weakness in the process is that there are some difficult barriers which can be difficult to avoid. As a result, an organization might waste unnecessary energy and resources in eliminating inherent obstacles. The other problem is that in most predicaments, the internal structure of companies does not correspond to the change vision set in place. Step 6 The sixth step aims at generation of short-term wins to gauge whether vision achievement is on the right track (Kotter, 2012). In fact, the generation of short-term wins acts as a motivational strategy to celebrate the accomplishments. Celebrating current wins is followed by correlating the achievements to the initial vision and objectives. Therefore, it, acts as a benchmark. Strengths The major strength of the process is that it offers performance appraisal which is vital in target achievement. It encourages the staff members by showing them what they have achieved as well as what is pending. Thus, complementing the personnel makes them more anxious to work on the remaining part. Therefore, it serves as a very crucial point in change management. Weaknesses The main weakness associated with the step is that it might give the team members a pressure to perform. Even though they are celebrating their achievements, it also shows them that they have a remaining part to be completed successfully. In most instances, the process brings about performance anxiety. Step 7 The step entails building on change and the sustenance of acceleration. The process is vital in increasing the credibility of the change systems and focusing on vision achievement. Strengths The strength of the step is that it allows for the promotion of employees that have shown success in implementing the vision (Kotter, 2012). One can also give an analysis of what went wrong or what improved the achievement of the vision. Weaknesses In the step, it is a prerequisite for one to always look for improvements so as the process can be successful. Moreover, the ideas always have to be fresh so as to be useful for the change coalition. Step 8 The final process of Kotter’s model is to anchor the changes as part of organizational culture (Burke, 2010). The change will endure as a result of attaching new approaches that revolve around change sustenance. Strengths The process articulates the connections that draw a correlation between organizational success and new behaviors. Moreover, the inertia of change can always be maintained by employees within an organization. Weaknesses The process cannot be a success when an organization continues to support change. Similarly, a company will have to continue supporting the existing staff as well as the team who brought about the change. Kotter’s 8-step process is an effective model that can bring change in an organization. However, the different steps are interdependent, and one process cannot solely introduce the needed change. The model is recommendable as the gradual processes increase the ability of an organization to change and adapt quickly.

Australian Competition and Connection Consumer Commission

Coles is a huge brand in Australia and the provisions of the Competition and Consumer Act, 2010, (Cth) apply on the company. To meet with the regulatory compliance of this act, Coles has opted for a few strategies. These strategies include providing better shopping experience to its customers, improving the quality by use of fresher produce and offering better value by lowering the prices of weekly shopping basket. The Annual Report of Coles for the financial year 2015 stated its objectives as delivering a better store network; focus on freshness and creating trusted value. By supplying better quality products, Coles is working towards creating trusted value. Coles Online is a part of the company which also shares the same strategy of providing better services, by making shopping easy for its customers. This strategy has a clear and strong focus on delivering savings to its customers. Coles Express had introduced trusted Every Day Value pricing in its stores for fulfillment of this strategy (Coles, 2015). The slogans of the company, used from time to time are aligned with the, objectives of the Act. Whether it is the slogan used in 1980s of â€Å"You'll find the best value is at Coles New World"  or the one used from 1998 to 2003, which was "Serving you better†, Coles has ensured that the objectives of the Act are met. The current slogan of the company â€Å"Down Down† promotes competition (Mortimer, 2015). The strategies of Coles seem plain advertisement criteria, but a careful observation of the wordings clarifies the objective behind these strategies. The Act, through its various provisions, provides that a business has to ensure that the produce provided to the consumers, is safe for human consumption. Further, the products which have a low shelf life have to be provided to the customers, within the shelf life of such product. The act also provides that the inertest of the consumer have to be secured. All the strategies of Coles reflect the objective of the Competition and Consumer Act, 2010. The objective of this Act is to enhance the welfare of the Australians by promoting competition, free trading and providing provisions for consumer protection (Australian Government, 2016). The strategy of Coles is to provide fresher products to its customers. By providing fresher produce, the company sets examples to its competitors to ensure that the consumers ultimately benefit from its business. A better store network would ensure that the customers do not face any hassles in their shopping experience. One of the strategies of Coles is to provide better products at lower values. By ensuring a combination of better product with low costs, a sense of competition is attained. The other companies would also move towards providing such services. The consumer would get better products at lesser prices. This would again promote competition. Coles had its share of problems with the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. The Court in the case of ACCC v Coles Supermarkets Australia Pty Ltd [2014] FCA 1405 held that the company was engaged in unconscionable conduct and levied a penalty of $10 million on it (Australian Competition and Consumer Commission, 2014). The judge held that the misconduct of Coles was deliberate, repeated and serious. Further, the judge held that the company had misused its bargaining power and the conduct of Coles was contrary to the conscience (Australian Competition Law, 2015). This created a huge problem for Coles as it failed on its strategies to promote competition. On the basis of above case, certain recommendations have been drafted for Coles to improve the management activities of the company, in order to comply with the competition law. The main recommendation for Coles is that, it has to ensure that the incidents mentioned in the above case are not repeated. It should conduct its business in a way which is considered as conscience. It should, at no instance, threaten to harm its suppliers who refused to comply with the Company’s demands. Coles has to promote fair trading in its business, along with promoting competition amongst the businesses. Coles has to ensure that it does not indulge in any sort of misleading and deceptive conduct. Further, as the unconscionable and misleading conduct has been prohibited through this Act, Coles has to make sure that it does not take part in such conduct. There has already been a case against Coles in this regard, and any more cases would mean that the company fails to achieve its strategies of creating trusted value. There is also scope of improvement in the management activities of the company to ensure compliance of competition law. The company is working towards providing fresher produce but by creating a better supply chain, the time of getting the produce from suppliers to the supermarket can be reduced. This would ensure that the consumers gets fresh produce and promotes competition. To conclude, it is recommended to the company that they follow the provisions of the Act strictly and ensure that the instances of unconscionable conduct are not repeated. Keeping in view the incident that occurred, the grounds for successful negligence along with the consequences to Bungee World Ltd (BW) have been enlightened here. Recommendations are also provided to resolve the potentially damaging public relations problem in the best possible way. Negligence is the civil wrong done where a duty of care was owed by a person towards another person and the person failed to fulfill this duty, which resulted in a loss or injury to the other person. To establish that the liability arose under the tort of negligence, certain elements have to be present. These elements include a duty of care, a breach of such duty of care, a loss or injury as a result of breach of the duty, and that the loss or injury has to be relevant and not too remote. As per the Civil Liability Act, 2002 (NSW), a person is not considered as negligent unless the risk was predictable, the risk was not at all insignificant and in similar circumstances a prudent person would have taken proper precautions. A landmark case in the duty of care is the case of Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] AC 562 (Boella and Pannett, 1999). Further, a standard of care has to be ensured as was seen in the case of Bathurst Regional Council v Thompson [2012] NSWCA 340 (Sheehan, 2012). Though a defense is available to the breaching party which states that, a person has to ensure his own safety when the risks are presumed. In such a case, the aggrieved party cannot sue the breaching party as they failed to take the duty of care for themselves. This was also established in the case of Mulligan v Coffs Harbour City Council (2005) 223 CLR (High Court of Australia, 2005). But, in the case of Rootes v Shelton (1967) 116 CLR 383, 385-6, the judge held that when the risk is inherent, the people are bound to accept it to engage in the risky sports (Swarb, 2016). And so, this cannot be referred as a defense by the breaching party. Damage is not only the physical damage, but also the emotional distress. In the case of Baltic Shipping v Dillon (1993) 176 CLR 344, it was held that the applicant could recover damages for the emotional distress that resulted from the breach of duty of care (Australian Contract Law, 2013). In the present case, BW was providing the services of Bungee Jumping for a fee of $50. Further, a waiver form had to be signed by the customers to undertake this activity. As has been established from the famous cases, this does not reduce the liability of BW in case of an injury. BW owed a duty of care towards Loki and had to ensure that the equipment for the bungee jumping was safe and secure. Further, the risk of corrosion was inherent due to the sea moisture present in the air. In this case, BW is liable for negligence as it breached the duty of care it owed to Loki. Further, as stated above, the injury does not have to be a physical and a mental injury is enough to claim damages under negligence. In this case, Loki did not suffer any physical injury but suffered a nervous shock. So, he can successfully sue BW for negligence. As a result of this negligence action taken by Loki, BW will be liable to pay Loki the monetary damages, as a remedy for the injury which Loki suffered. This is a potentially damaging public relations problem and so an effective crisis management is needed to resolve this problem. It is recommended to the Board that the problem should be assessed properly and an understanding should be gained regarding the potential stakeholder, which is Loki in this case. The Board should take steps in providing compensation to Loki before he takes any legal action. This would not only save the costs of legal proceedings, but also act as a shield against the damage done to Loki, as well as, to the image of the company. It is also recommended to the Board to ensure that the faulty equipment is changed and that all the old equipment is checked for its durability and safety. The Board should properly advertise the remedial actions taken as well as the voluntary compensation provided to Loki, so that the image of the company, in the eyes of the public, is improved. Lastly, it is recommended to the company formulate a proper crisis management team which can anticipate, identify and monitor such crisis which have a negated impact on the image of the company (Bernstein, 2016). The 10 minimum employment entitlements which are provided to the workers in Australia as per the Fair Works Act, 2009, are known as the National Employment Standards, or NES. An enterprise agreement or any other registered agreement, an employment contract, or an award are not allowed to provide such conditions, which are less than the NES or the national minimum wages. It can be rightly inferred that the NES and the national minimum wage cover the minimum entitlements for the workers in this country. The 10 minimum entitlements as are stated in the NES includes requests for flexible working arrangements; annual leave; maximum weekly hours; parental leave and related entitlements; long service leave; fair work information statement; personal careers leave and compassionate leave; community service leave; public holidays; and a notice of termination and redundancy pay (Fair Work Ombudsman, 2016). These standards apply to all such employees who are covered in the national workplace relations system by the NES, irrespective of the registered agreement, employment contract, or the award. Casual employees are also eligible to NES entitlements, when it relates to an unpaid compassionate leave, an unpaid carer’s leave, the Fair Work Information Statement, or the community service leave (Fair Work Ombudsman, 2016). The head of human resources of an Australian engineering company needs to ensure that the company does not contravene these standards. These standards contain that the maximum standard working week should be within the limits of 38 hours for any full time employee, along with the reasonable additional hours. It has to be ensured that the right to request some flexible working arrangement is present. The parental and adoption unpaid leave of 12 months should be available for the employees along with a right to seek an additional 12 months. The paid annual leave of four weeks should be available with the employees for each year, on pro rata basis (The Australian Workers’ Union, 2016). Further, a ten day paid personal or carer’s leave should be available with the employees for each year, on pro rata basis, along with two days unpaid carer’s leave for each permissible occasion, and two days paid compassionate leave for each permissible occasion. The head of HR also has to ensure that proper leaves for jury service, as well as, for emergencies and natural disasters are provided to its employees. Such person also has to ensure that the new employees receive the Fair Work Information Statement. The employees have to be entitled to take the public holidays and the entitlement be paid for ordinary hours for such days. Lastly, the long service leave and notice of termination as well as redundancy pay has to be made available (Fair Work Ombudsman, 2016). The section 3 of the Australian Consumer Law (ACL) defines the term consumer. A person who acquires goods or services and the amount paid for such goods or services does not exceed $40,000, is a consumer (Australasian Legal Information Institute, 2016). Such goods and services must be used for personal only and not for re-supply, to fall under the category of consumer. Further, Section 21 of the ACL contains provisions regarding unconscionable conduct in relation to the goods or services. Section 21(1) prohibits a person from supplying or acquiring goods and services, to or from, a person in a manner where the conduct is considered as unconscionable (Australian Competition Law, 2014). Though, the sections of ACL do not define what is considered as unconscionable conduct and hence, reliance is made to the Courts to consider whether an act can be termed as unconscionable conduct or not (Find Law Australia, 2016). The courts generally rely on the following points to consider the conduct as unconscionable conduct: the strength in the bargaining capabilities of the consumer and the supplier; if the consumer was required to comply with the conditions of the supplier, which were not reasonable in the interests of the consumer, and the supplier’s conduct had forced the consumer to comply with such conditions; whether or not the consumer had a clear understanding regarding the appropriate documents related to the supply of goods and services; whether the supplier exerted any pressure or undue influence on the consumer; and such circumstances where the consumer could have taken the goods or supplier from any other supplier. If a supplier is found guilty of contravening the section 21 of the ACL, such supplier is then liable to civil pecuniary penalties of $220,000 for persons (other than body corporate) and for body corporate the penalty amount is $1.1 million. Further, the enforcement powers and remedies can also be applied on the supplier for contravening this section. These include injunctions, damages, substantial notices, undertakings, infringement notices, and non-punitive orders, amongst the other things (Australian Consumer Law, 2013). As the sale of the Ono water filter amounted to $2000, Rebecca would be considered as a consumer under the ACL. Dave had used undue influence on Rebecca and forced her to purchase the filter. Further, he used his strength of bargaining position and forced Rebecca to waive the cooling off period. Rebecca had no need to purchase the filter but the unconscionable conduct of Dave compelled her to buy the filter. Hence, Dave contravened the sections of ACL and as a result, Rebecca has the right to seek compensation from Dave. Further, Dave is also liable to civil pecuniary penalties of $220,000. Australasian Legal Information Institute. (2016) Competition And Consumer Act 2010 - Schedule 2. [Online] Australasian Legal Information Institute. Available from: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/caca2010265/sch2.html [Accessed on: 20/09/16] Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. (2014) Court finds Coles engaged in unconscionable conduct and orders Coles pay $10 million penalties. [Online] Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. Available from: https://www.accc.gov.au/media-release/court-finds-coles-engaged-in-unconscionable-conduct-and-orders-coles-pay-10-million-penalties [Accessed on: 20/09/16] Australian Competition Law. (2014) Section 21: Unconscionable conduct in connection with goods or services. [Online] Australian Competition Law. Available from: https://www.australiancompetitionlaw.org/legislation/provisions/acl21.html [Accessed on: 20/09/16] Australian Competition Law. (2015) ACCC v Coles Supermarkets Australia Pty Ltd ACCC v Coles Supermarkets Australia Pty Ltd [2014] FCA 1405 (22 December 2014). [Online] Australian Competition Law. Available from: https://www.australiancompetitionlaw.org/cases/2014coles.html [Accessed on: 20/09/16] Australian Consumer Law. (2013) The Australian Consumer Law: A framework overview. [Online] Australian Government. Available from: https://consumerlaw.gov.au/files/2015/06/ACL_framework_overview.pdf [Accessed on: 20/09/16] Australian Contract Law. (2013) Baltic Shipping v Dillon High Court of Australia (1993) 176 CLR 344. [Online] Australian Contract Law. Available from: https://www.australiancontractlaw.com/cases/baltic.html [Accessed on: 20/09/16] Australian Government. (2016) Competition and Consumer Act 2010. [Online] Australian Government. Available from: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2011C00003/Html/Volume_1#param2 [Accessed on: 20/09/16] Bernstein, J. (2016) The 10 Steps of Crisis Communications. [Online] Bernstein Crisis Management. Available from: https://www.bernsteincrisismanagement.com/the-10-steps-of-crisis-communications/ [Accessed on: 20/09/16] Boella, M., and Pannett, A. (1999) Principles of Hospitality Law. 2nd ed. UK: Thomson Learning, pp 16-17. Coles. (2015) Annual Report 2015. [Online] Coles. https://www.coles.com.au/~/media/files/coles/pdfs/industry%20reports/467372_coles_annual_report_2015_18.pdf [Accessed on: 20/09/16] Fair Work Ombudsman. (2016) Fair Work Information Statement. [Online] Australian Government. Available from: https://www.fairwork.gov.au/ArticleDocuments/724/Fair-Work-Information-Statement.pdf.aspx [Accessed on: 20/09/16] Fair Work Ombudsman. (2016) National Employment Standards. [Online] Australian Government. Available from: https://www.fairwork.gov.au/employee-entitlements/national-employment-standards [Accessed on: 20/09/16] Find Law Australia. (2016) Consumer law: What is unconscionable conduct?. [Online] Find Law Australia. Available from: https://www.findlaw.com.au/articles/4474/consumer-law-what-is-unconscionable-conduct-.aspx [Accessed on: 20/09/16] High Court of Australia. (2005) Mulligan v Coffs Harbour City Council [2005] HCA 63. [Online] High Court of Australia. Available from: https://eresources.hcourt.gov.au/downloadPdf/2005/HCA/63 [Accessed on: 20/09/16] Mortimer, G. (2015) Down, down but not different: Australia’s supermarkets in a race to the bottom. [Online] Queensland University of Technology. Available from: https://eprints.qut.edu.au/92666/2/92666.pdf [Accessed on: 20/09/16] Sheehan, E. (2012) Council fails in reliance on s 42 defence – accident on steps of rotunda in park - Bathurst Regional Council as Trustee for the Bathurst City Council Crown Reserves Reserve Trust v Thompson [2012] NSWCA 340. [Online] Curwoods Lawyers Case Notes. Available from: https://casenotes.curwoods.com.au/?p=2002 [Accessed on: 20/09/16] Swarb. (2016) Rootes V Shelton; 1965. [Online] Swarb. Available from: https://swarb.co.uk/rootes-v-shelton-1965/ [Accessed on: 20/09/16] The Australian Workers’ Union. (2016) National Employment Standards. [Online] The Australian Workers’ Union. Available from: https://www.awu.net.au/national-employment-standards [Accessed on: 20/09/16].

How to Do Scientific Research Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

How to Do Scientific Research - Term Paper Example Scientific research allows us to make sense of how things work and why some things look or act the way they do. Scientific research has allowed our advancement as human species in this world. It enabled our superiority and survival among other organisms that inhabit the planet. Through scientific methods of inquiries, observations, experimentations, data analyses and continuous approaches of data verifications, several answers to essential survival needs have been known and developed further for mass benefits. This includes scientific breakthroughs in medicine, human anatomy, diseases, ecology, astronomy, society and various phenomenon relating to humanity and our survival in our environment. It is to be noted that scientific research does not provide absolute answers to questions (Ori 2012). It instead provides answers based on the current knowledge acquired and recent evidence from what is present. That is why asking the right questions and formulating a sensible hypothesis from cu rrent sources of information, are critical to advance our existing knowledge. The solutions that we have right now, the technologies we are enjoying and the existence of rich data sources are the product of all the efforts of scientific research in the past. There are more cures to sicknesses right now because researchers from the past have already discovered these solutions. The sophisticated technologies we are using in computers and network systems are the result of the development of information technologies and facets of circuitries, with applications of social sciences and human response mechanisms. It generally means that the questions that have been asked before have been answered in this generation. Thus, whatever questions and challenges we have in our present time, these will be important on how the future will be shaped. The accumulation of knowledge and its by-products continuously happen, and more discoveries are being known. These are the driving mechanisms on the adv ancements that are yet to occur in the time to come. Conducting scientific research in the light of scientific methods is critical to the validity of results. The validity of conclusions is important to be proven. Ideas can be accepted or rejected based on adherence to scientific standards and measures. This information process or scientific system helps provide consistency on how data are acquired and collected. If proven valid and accepted, the discovery can be adapted as a scientific paradigm that could be used as a sound reference of science. In here, it could be supporting other already existing paradigms that then bring to the unification of ideas, and therefore establish our understanding of that scientific matter. If this is achieved, the system could be used in the application of product development or systems design. This is when solutions are created or developed, and innovations that improve what we currently have are appreciated.